Comprehensive analysis of risk factors for flap necrosis in free flap reconstruction of postoperative tissue defects in oral and maxillofacial tumors.

Similarly, the finding that longer operation times, greater blood loss, and larger tumor diameters did not reach statistical significance for flap necrosis does not negate the clinical observation that such factors can strain the patient's physiological reserves and may still impact individual outcomes 18 , 19 .

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