Association between oxidative balance score and diabetic kidney disease, low estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a cross-sectional study.

In the present study, restricted cubic spline regression showed that the OR of albuminuria showed a trend of decreasing followed by a slight increase with increasing dietary OBS, but overall the risk of albuminuria was still significantly lower in the higher dietary OBS group compared with the lower dietary OBS group, which may be related to the threshold effect of some antioxidants and interactions between antioxidants ( 41 ), beyond which antioxidants may exhibit pro-oxidant or depleting antioxidant properties.

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