Association between composite dietary antioxidant index and epilepsy in American population: a cross-sectional study from NHANES.

Notably, significant disparities emerged across CDAI quartiles in terms of age, race, BMI, annual household income, and hypertension prevalence ( p < 0.001); while diabetes mellitus showed a borderline significance ( p = 0.050) and was subsequently included as a study covariate.

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Stratification of CDAI into quartiles revealed a significantly reduced risk of epilepsy in higher CDAI quartiles (Q3 and Q4) compared to the lowest quartile (Q1) (Q3: OR = 0.419; p = 0.030, 95% CI [0.192, 0.914]; Q4: OR = 0.421; p = 0.004, 95% CI [0.239, 0.742]), with a significant trend observed across quartiles (p for trend = 0.013).

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