Duodenal microbiota dysbiosis in functional dyspepsia and its potential role of the duodenal microbiota in gut-brain axis interaction: a systematic review.

Genus Haemophilus showed a decreasing trend in two studies ( Wauters et al., 2021 ; Shanahan et al., 2023 ), whereas in one study of 9 FD patients compared to 9 healthy controls ( Zhong et al., 2017 ), the relative abundance of the genus Haemophilus was not found to be significantly different.

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In two of the articles ( Zhong et al., 2017 ; Wauters et al., 2021 ), the relative abundance of these two genera in FD patients showed a decreasing trend, whereas in another article ( Shanahan et al., 2023 ), their relative abundance exhibited an increasing trend.

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One study found a significantly increased amount of this genus in FD patients ( Shanahan et al., 2023 ), while two studies ( Schooth et al., 2021 ; Wauters et al., 2021 )showed a trend for a decreased amount, and the other ( Zhong et al., 2017 ) revealed a non-significant difference.

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