Development of tonality and consonance categorization ability and preferences in 4- to 6-year-old children.

The categorization of 4-year-old children was already approaching significance for above chance assignments in Round 1 ( p = 0.077, n = 16) and Round 2 ( p = 0.210, n = 16), but not significantly.

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This effect was reduced as the age gap decreased, as 6-year-old children (93.75%) could assign the correct piano pieces marginally significantly more often than 5-year-old children (83.38%), X 2 (1, N = 64) = 3.14, p = 0.077.

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In particular, in Condition 2, the preference difference values showed that atonal melodies with dissonant harmonies were decreasingly liked with increasing age, as the ratings show a positive trend toward a preference for tonal melody with consonant harmony ( Figure 7 ).

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