Circulating levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) also demonstrated a significant PFAS:sex interaction (interaction p = 0.005 ), driven by lower levels in female PFAS-exposed mice ( p = 0.011 ) and higher levels in male PFAS-exposed mice approaching significance ( p = 0.102 ), compared with relative controls ( Figure 4B ).
Gene ontology enrichment analysis performed on the ilea of our male mice, revealed highly significant differences in several pathways due to PFAS exposure, including the lipid metabolic process and the acute inflammatory pathway, which can be linked to atherosclerosis ( Figure 8A ). 99 Within the lipid metabolic process pathway, we found lower expression of many genes related to fatty acid metabolism, including Acot1/2 and Cyp4a (Table S5).