approaching significanceP = 0.088
Conversely, male giant pandas in the NM group showed higher levels of urine cortisol compared to those in the AI group, with a trend towards approaching significance ( P = 0.088).
Conversely, male giant pandas in the NM group showed higher levels of urine cortisol compared to those in the AI group, with a trend towards approaching significance ( P = 0.088).
The results of urine epinephrine analysis indicated that the levels in the female NM group were lower than those in the female AI group, with a trend towards significance ( P = 0.094).