16 , 17 With the increasing demand for miniaturization, high-sensing efficiency, wide applicability, and cost reduction, the integration of high-performance biosensing platforms with hydrogels has become a significant trend, which represents a class of promising functional materials consisting of three-dimensional (3D) network structures produced by physical or chemical cross-linking. 18 , 19 Hydrogels have been widely used as reliable biomaterials for the fabrication of medical devices and scaffold-based tissue engineering because of their unique properties.
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