Stability of gross primary productivity and its sensitivity to climate variability in China.

3 Results 3.1 The trend and stability of GPP As shown in Figure 4A , GPP had a significant trend from 1982 to 2019, with an increased rate of 3.3892 gC m −2 year −1 .

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Our findings revealed the following: (1) GPP demonstrated an increased trend with lower stability in Eastern regions, whereas a decreasing trend with higher stability was observed in Western and Southwest China.

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Particularly in areas impacted by the simultaneous implementation of the five projects, GPP showed an increasing trend (81.97%) and lower sensitivity (3.98%) to climate change.

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