Optical stimulation increased firing in only 3 of 12 (25%) BLA-projecting VTA DA neurons although this did not reach statistical significance [baseline: 3 ± 0.6 APs; 30 Hz, 30 s: 4.3 ± 0.7 APs; SB334867: 3.3 ± 0.7; RM one-way ANOVA: F (1.0, 2.0) = 13.0, p = 0.069; Fig. 7 D,E,F,I ].
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Distinct Neuromodulatory Effects of Endogenous Orexin and Dynorphin Corelease on Projection-Defined Ventral Tegmental Dopamine Neurons.
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