Interestingly, the cvsd indicator did not display a clear trend, possibly due to the limited monitoring time in the turning phase, which may not sufficiently capture significant variations in cvsd.
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The sentences
The heart rate indicator min_hr showed an increasing trend, suggesting that changes in HRV characteristics and heart rate during changes in cognitive load may be attributed to parasympathetic and sympathetic nerve activity producing corresponding adaptive physiological changes ( Naijing et al., 2022 ; Cao et al., 2019 ).