Distinct Effects of Heparin and Interleukin-4 Functionalization on Macrophage Polarization and In Situ Arterial Tissue Regeneration Using Resorbable Supramolecular Vascular Grafts in Rats.

While potential effects of heparin by itself on macrophage polarization have been suggested, [ 62 ] no clear effect of heparin on macrophage polarization was observed as the bare and heparin group both showed a trend toward more M1 (iNOS+) macrophages and lower M2 (Arg+) macrophages, which is in correspondence to our previous in vitro data on this materials.

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