showed a trendp = 0.0864
In addition, Grem2 −/− mice showed a trend toward an increase in Jnk1/2 phosphorylation (WT, 0.782 ± 0.135 relative expression; n = 3; Grem2 −/− , 0.938 ± 0.140 relative expression, n = 3; p = 0.0864 b ; Fig. 1 A , B ). qPCR analysis of hippocampal RNA confirmed lack of Grem2 expression in Grem2 −/− mice ( Fig. 1 C ).