Effect of layered fertilizer strategies on rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) productivity and soil macropore characteristics under mechanical direct-sowing.

Moreover, the morphological parameters of pores for each fertilization treatment showed a trend of initially increasing and then decreasing with the increase of shallow layer fertilization, among which the FM treatment’s pore morphological parameters were significantly higher than those of the other fertilization treatments ( P < 0.05), with the soil macroporosity, equivalent pore diameter, hydraulic radius, and circularity being on average 51.19%, 97.52%, 123.84%, and 3.86% higher, respectively.

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Remarkably, soil field moisture capacity, bulk density, and aggregate water stability showed a significant or highly significant positive correlation with soil macroporosity, and a significant negative correlation with the circularity of soil pores 24 .

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