Characterization and source apportionment of water-soluble ion pollution in PM₁₀ of typical cities in northern China.

However, the concentrations of F − , Cl − , K + , NO 3− , and Mg 2+ showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing, and the concentrations of Na + and Ca 2+ showed remarkable increases.

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Some of the water-soluble ions showed an increasing trend in different dusty days.

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