Effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions in pregnant women attending primary care: a scoping review.

32 – 34 , 42 – 45 Messimer et al reported that 28% of the intervention group quit smoking by 32–36 weeks gestation; however, this did not reach statistical significance. 45 Lawrence et al reported that in two different intervention groups, 2.6% and 3.1% had sustained abstinence at 30 weeks gestation. 34 Most of these seven studies reported positive results in intervention and control groups, indicating no significant effect from the intervention.

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