The Pink Tax: Sex and Gender Disparities in Peripheral Artery Disease.

Fontaine stages 1 and 2) and demonstrated a significant benefit for aspirin with a 64% relative risk reduction (RRR) in major vascular events in the aspirin-treated group.[ 86 ] A subsequent meta-analysis revealed that aspirin failed to reach statistical significance regarding the RRR of CV events in patients with asymptomatic or symptomatic PAD.[ 89 ] In the CAPRIE trial, clopidogrel (75 mg once daily) was compared with aspirin (325 mg once daily), revealing a 23.8% RRR in the primary composite endpoint of ischemic stroke, MI, or vascular death in the clopidog

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] Nevertheless, data regarding the effects of HRT in post-menopausal women have been contradictory.[ 56 – 58 ] More recently, larger randomized controlled trials from the Women’s Health Initiative have found no difference in PAD outcomes with conjugated equine estrogens versus placebo, albeit with a nonsignificant trend towards an increase in peripheral arterial events.[ 56 ] These data suggest that, although HRT does not appear to reduce the odds of developing PAD in postmenopausal females, taking exogenous estrogen may instead potentially increase the risk of morbidity from vascular events.[ 56 ] Other large, we

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