Adding immune checkpoint inhibitors to chemotherapy confers modest survival benefit in patients with small cell lung cancer and brain metastases: a retrospective analysis.

Additionally, subgroup analysis based on clinical characteristics indicated that the addition of ICIs to the first-line treatment regimen resulted in a favorable trend of OS benefit across the majority of subgroups ( Figure S1 ).

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In our study, although the addition of ICIs showed a trend toward survival benefit, there was no statistically significant difference observed ( Figure 1 ).

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