A systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between neglected tropical diseases and malnutrition: more research needed on diseases other than intestinal parasites, leishmaniasis and leprosy.

Both vitamin A insufficiency and iron deficiency showed inconsistent results between the two studies included in the meta-analysis, but while vitamin A insufficiency did not reach statistical significance [3.22 (95% CI: 0.61–17.01, I 2 = 96%, tau 2 = 1.38), the pooled effect on iron deficiency was significant with no heterogeneity observed [OR = 4.67 (95% CI: 1.91–11.44, I 2 = 0%, tau 2 = 0)].

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Moreover, a decreasing trend was established between infection intensity and the mean values of the HAZ and BAZ identified in cases of T. trichiura or hookworm infection compared to the uninfected cases [ 26 ].

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