Impact of Astigmatism on Axial Elongation in School-Age Children: A Five-Year Population-Based Study in Tianjin, China.

First, axial elongation varied significantly with the axis orientation of astigmatism in the combined cohort ( P < 0.001, η 2 = 0.037) and the younger cohort ( P = 0.031, η 2 = 0.024), demonstrating a marginal significance in the older cohort ( P = 0.050, η 2 = 0.043).

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However, this difference did not reach statistical significance in the younger cohort (low astigmatism, 0.309 mm/year; high astigmatism, 0.364 mm/year; P = 0.302).

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