Modified PEG-Lipids Enhance the Nasal Mucosal Immune Capacity of Lipid Nanoparticle mRNA Vaccines.

Results: Compared to the unmodified LNP group, the IgG and IgA titers in the chitosan or mannose-modified LNP groups showed an increasing trend.

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While other modified groups exhibited a trend toward increased IgA levels in the nasal and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids when compared to the mRNA-LNP group, these increases did not reach statistical significance, potentially owing to variability among individual mice or insufficient antibody titers.

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