Hematopoietic PI3Kδ deficiency aggravates murine atherosclerosis through impairment of Tregs.

Aortas of PI3Kδ –/– → Ldlr –/– mice displayed considerably increased mRNA levels of pro-atherogenic cytokines Ifng and Il1b , while Tnf as well as the Th1 transcription factor Tbx21 showed a trend toward augmented expression levels ( P = 0.1 and P = 0.09, respectively) compared with PI3Kδ +/+ → Ldlr –/– controls, respectively ( Figure 5A ).

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