Efficacy of submucosal administration of tramadol on acute pain following third molar surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Interpretation of I 2 test was performed according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions ( 25 ), as follows: A) 0%–40%: indicates minimal or possibly not significant heterogeneity among the studies B) 30%–60%: could indicate moderate heterogeneity C) 50%–90%: may indicate significant heterogeneity D) 75%–100%: significant heterogeneity The significance of the observed I 2 value may be influenced by the quantity, direction, and strength of evidence for heterogeneity (e.g., P -value from the chi-square test or a confidence interval for I 2 ).

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