The harmful effect of ankylosing spondylitis on diabetes mellitus: new evidence from the Mendelian randomization analysis.

Although the MR-Egger method suggested a positive trend, significant heterogeneity was identified in the datasets related to T1DM, prompting the use of the IVW method with multiplicative random effects for MR analysis (detailed in Table 3 ).

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Meanwhile, five datasets displayed a positive association that did not reach statistical significance.

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