Nanoparticle-based itaconate treatment recapitulates low-cholesterol/low-fat diet-induced atherosclerotic plaque resolution.

NMR-HSQC analysis of tissue-culture supernatants showed a trend of increased [ 13 C] lactate in the cessation group compared to the progression group, consistent with analysis of cell lysates showing higher production of intracellular [ 13 C]lactate ( Figures 2I and S2G ). 67 – 69 High glycolytic conversion of [ 13 C]glucose to pyruvate, followed by almost 90% fermentation into lactate, was indicative of high glycolytic rates in all CPC tissues ( Figures 2I and S2G ).

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We also observed highly significant downregulation of many mitochondria-related genes in the cessation group ( Figure 2G ).

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