Exposure to antibiotics and risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults and type 2 diabetes: results from a Swedish case-control study (ESTRID) and the Norwegian HUNT study.

Diabetologia · 2025 · PMC11663149 · PMID 39467872

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Lastly, in the negative control analyses using dispensations of dermatological drugs, there was no apparent effect on the risk of LADA or type 2 diabetes, although some of the ORs approached significance, for example the OR for LADA associated with one or more vs 0 dispensations was 1.38 (95% CI 0.95, 2.02) in the 0–10 years exposure window (ESM Table 10 ).

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