Safety, Immunogenicity and Protective Activity of a Modified Trivalent Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine for Combined Protection Against Seasonal Influenza and COVID-19 in Golden Syrian Hamsters.

As expected, homologous monovalent LAIVs significantly reduced virus replication both in the upper and the lower respiratory tract, with the exception of H3N2 challenge, where reduction in viral pulmonary titers compared to the mock group did not reach statistical significance, most likely due to the low number of animals in each group and the not intensive replication of this strain in the influenza-naïve hamsters ( Figure 5 ).

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