Fibrous scaffolds loaded with BMSC-derived apoptotic vesicles promote wound healing by inducing macrophage polarization.

6 C) showed that the wounds in the PCL-ABs treatment group exhibited a significant trend toward healing, inflammatory cell regression, and collagen fiber formation ( P < 0.05), while those in the control group (PBS injection) and the PCL treatment group covered with PCL alone showed a significant trend toward delayed wound healing compared with those in the PCL-ABs group and increased inflammatory cells, and there was no significant difference between the two groups ( P > 0.05) ( Fig. 6 D).

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