Effects of exercise on bone mass and bone metabolism in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Meta-analysis showed a high degree of heterogeneity between the results of the included studies in the exercise group compared to the control group ( I 2 = 86%, p = 0.0007), so the analysis was performed using a random-effects model ( Figure 8 ), which showed a trend towards an increase in the level of BALP in the exercise intervention group compared to the control group ( SMD = 0.55, 95% CI : -0.48–1.57, p = 0.30), but not significant ( Figure 8 ). 3.4.4 Effects of exercise on P1NP in adolescents This study included two articles ( Vlachopoulos et al., 2018 ; Marin-Puyalto et al., 2020 ) describing the effect of exercise on P1NP in adolescents.

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High-intensity interval training failed to enhance BMD in adolescents, but instead showed a decreasing trend, which may be related to the specific parameters (intensity, duration, frequency) of the study design.

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