Effectiveness of influenza vaccination in preventing confirmed influenza cases and hospitalizations in Northern Spain, 2023/24 season: A population-based test-negative case-control study.

Stratified analysis by age categories showed a slightly higher IVE estimate for the current-season vaccination in hospitalized patients aged less than 65 years than in adults aged 65 years and more, although this difference did not reach statistical significance (61% and 35%, respectively, P interaction =0.056) ( Table 2 ).

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