Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between serum vitamin D and continuous metabolic syndrome score among children and adolescents: roles of levels of inflammation in peripheral blood.

Furthermore, in the longitudinal study, as the baseline quartile of serum 25(OH)D concentration increased, the estimated change of subsequent CMSRS indicated a decreasing trend, ranging from -0.085 (95%CI: -0.203, 0.032) to -0.166 (95%CI: − 0.285, − 0.046), and then to − 0.174 (95%CI: − 0.296, -0.053, P for trend = 0.0031).

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The higher 25(OH)D group also exhibited a gradually decreased trend in SBP, DBP, insulin, TG, and HOMA-IR, while TC and HDL-C showed an increasing trend, compared to the Q1 group (Table 1 ).

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The β values showed a negative trend, ranging from −0.077 (95%CI: −0.194, 0.039) to −0.070 (95%CI: −0.187, 0.047), and then to −0.142 (95%CI: −0.259, −0.025, P for trend = 0.023), with the quartile of 25(OH)D 2 increase, compared to the Q1 group.

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