Associations of parenting styles with substance use in the offspring-A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Drug Alcohol Rev · 2025 · PMC11743216 · PMID 39397326

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

While cross‐sectional studies do not indicate whether parenting styles may affect substance use or vice versa, the analysis of longitudinal, cross‐lagged effect sizes showed that the authoritative parenting style predicts a decrease or weaker increase of substance use, respectively, while associations of other parenting styles with change in substance use did not reach statistical significance.

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