The correlation between heavy metal ions in blood and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease from 1999 to 2018 based on NHANES data.

In terms of biomarker levels, median concentrations of lead and total mercury were slightly lower in the MASLD group compared to the non-MASLD group, though these differences did not reach statistical significance.

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The results, articulated through odds ratios (ORs) in Models 1 through 3, consistently demonstrated a decreasing trend in the odds of MASLD with increasing cadmium levels.

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