Half a Century of Temperate Non-Forest Vegetation Changes: No Net Loss in Species Richness, but Considerable Shifts in Taxonomic and Functional Composition.

In this analysis, we used only species characteristics with a significant trend in at least one habitat type and estimates based on at least five observations of change.

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We tested the probability of detecting a positive trend using a generalized additive model with a restricted maximum likelihood method, assuming a binomial error distribution (positive trend = 1, negative trend = 0).

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