A meta-analysis of sex differences in neonatal rodent ultrasonic vocalizations and the implication for the preclinical maternal immune activation model.

While these analyses did not reach statistical significance, the direction of the sex difference is reversed depending on developmental stage, with females having a higher mean call duration than males in early PND groups (g = 0.36 [− 0.11, 0.82], p = 0.130;), but males having higher mean call duration than females in late PND groups, (g = − 0.31 [− 0.64, 0.02], p = 0.067).

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