43 Using proteomics and network analysis to assess vein graft kinetics in mice, Decano et al., showed that tricarboxylic acid substrate utilisation of α-ketobutyrate showed a trend of increasing rate on pemafibrate treatment and reversal on PPARα (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors) silencing resulting in less vein graft lesions and failure. 44 Recently, Wu et al., reported that exogenous alpha-ketobutyrate supplementation promoted longevity and delay senescence in fibroblast cells via augmentation of NAD + and perioxosome biogenesis in C. elegans via the SIRT-NRF2 pathway. 45 It is, thus, plausible that alpha-ketobutyrate levels may form a favourable equilibrium between oxidative stress response and endothelial injury.
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Mid-life anti-inflammatory metabolites are inversely associated with long-term cardiovascular disease events.
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