A Systematic Review of Parental Occupational Pesticide Exposure and Geographical Proximity to Agricultural Fields in Association with Neural Tube Defects.

Toxics · 2025 · PMC11769355 · PMID 39853032

Europe PMC DOI

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a possible trendno p-value reported

These results, while not statistically significant, indicate a possible trend of risk that deserves further exploration [ 29 ].

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

Additionally, while the associations with anencephaly did not reach statistical significance, some results suggest a trend worth considering.

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marginally significantno p-value reported

They obtained a positive aOR, although not significant or marginally significant, for exposure to insecticides + herbicides for all cases of NTD combined, in addition to spina bifida alone.

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