Trends and future predictions of chronic kidney disease due to diabetes mellitus type 2 attributable to dietary risks: insights based on GBD 2021 data.

Regarding specific dietary factors ( Figure 3 and Table 1 ), nearly all dietary risk factors for CDK-T2DM exhibited an increasing trend in ASMR and ASDR over the 32 years.

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While Australasia, High-income Asia Pacific, and Eastern Europe showed the highest ASMR and ASDR percentages associated with “low whole grain intake.” In high SDI regions, a clear trend of higher percents for diets rich in processed meats, low in fruits, and high in red meat was observed.

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