Exploring the Causal Relationship Between Frailty and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Insights From Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization and Mediation Analysis.

Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis · 2025 · PMC11776522 · PMID 39881812

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

Conversely, the associations of ASI, CPD, SI, and WBLM with COPD did not reach statistical significance ( Figure 6 , Supplementary Table S7 ).

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