Preparation of alkali-activated oil shale residue-slag geopolymer-based binder using calcium carbide slag and sodium carbonate as alkali activator.

Unlike the 3 days strength, the 28 days strength of the hardened backfill showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, suggesting that the incorporation of oil shale residue is beneficial to the development of compressive strength when the content is less than 20%.

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