Biomechanical Effects of Different Spacing Distributions Between the Cemented Superior Boundary and Surgical Vertebral Superior Endplates After Percutaneous Vertebroplasty for Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures: A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis.

Additionally, the results of the 3D FEA of the maximum stresses borne by the bone cement in the four models showed that these maximum stresses showed a decreasing trend with an increase in the spacing between the upper boundary of the bone cement and the vertebral body's upper endplate under the seven loading conditions.

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As the spacing increased, the groups with 2, 4, and 6 mm spaces between the upper boundary of the bone cement and the vertebral body's upper endplate showed a trend of gradual increase in the maximum stresses under the seven loading conditions. 3.4 Observation of the Maximum Displacement of the L1 Vertebra in Each Model The maximum displacements of the L1 vertebrae of the four models are shown in Table 4 and Figure 10 .

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