Study of evolution for 3D structured surface with nano-balls and walls-like features with thickness variation for WO₃ thin films made by spray deposition.

From SEM image observations, for the lower precursor concentration of 0.05 M (samples B1-B11 in the Supplementary Information file), an improvement in texture is noticeable as the thickness (amount of precursor used) increases, even though the crystallite size from XRD analysis (Table 3 ) does not exhibit a clear trend.

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