A Comparative Elemental Analysis of Espresso Coffee from Poland and Portugal.

Foods · 2025 · PMC11817413 · PMID 39942017

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

0.7080

closest p · 14.2× alpha

0.7080

boldest claim

The sentences

did not reach statistical significancep = 0.708not close (p > 0.1)

Except for Sb, which was higher in the Portuguese samples ( p < 0.001), and for Rb, where the difference did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.708), all the remaining elements were found in significantly higher concentrations in the samples from Poland ( p < 0.05).

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