Barely Significant
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The Influence of Dietary Supplements on Exercise-Induced Gut Damage and Gastrointestinal Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Nutrients · 2025 · PMC11820470 · PMID 39940302

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moderately significantno p-value reported
Two studies [ 46 , 54 ] investigated the effects of probiotics on GISs (Hedges’ g = −0.83; p = 0.05); there was a consistent reduction in GISs across studies, and a moderately significant effect was observed at the sub-group level.

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