Consistent with the findings mentioned above, on another scale, Mn and Cu were inferred as independent prognostic predictors for PFS, and patients with high blood Mn, Cr, and Cu levels were revealed to have shorter PFS, albeit with marginal significance in the latter two.
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Blood trace elements in association with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma risk, aggressiveness and prognosis in a high incidence region of China.
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Our analysis revealed a negative association between whole blood Se and ESCC risk in a linear dose–response manner, which supports the results claimed in earlier studies showing Se levels in scalp hair and serum display a negative trend with risk for esophagus cancer 12 , 35 .
This result was supported by the findings of the RCS model, which showed that Cr, Pb and Cu displayed a positive trend with ESCC risk, accompanied by an inverted U-shaped for Cd.