Incidence trends of early-onset breast cancer by lifestyle risk factors.

BMC Cancer · 2025 · PMC11846213 · PMID 39984883

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

An increasing trend in EOBC incidence was observed in women engaging in moderate physical activity.

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a negative trendno p-value reported

a positive trendno p-value reported

Furthermore, significant heterogeneity in incidence trends was observed in the youngest age group, showing a positive trend among former smokers and a negative trend among never and current smokers.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.