Enhanced dynorphin expression and secretion in pancreatic beta-cells under hyperglycemic conditions.

Among these databases, one study using RNA sequencing to analyze transcripts in palmitate-treated human islets [ 36 ] showed a trend towards increased Pdyn levels in human islets treated with palmitate for 48 h ( Supplemental Fig. 2C ). 3.2 Developmental progression in Pdyn expression in β-cells With the assistance of published single-cell RNA-seq data at various developmental stages, including embryonic day 17.5 (E17.5), postnatal day 0 (P0), P3, P9, P15, P18, and P60, in both β- and α-cells [ 37 ], we confirmed that Pdyn is expressed in β- and not in α-cells, as shown before ( Supplemental Fig. 1B and 3A-B ).

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