Changes in the Concentration Profile of Selected Micro- and Macro-Elements in the Yellow Ligament Obtained from Patients with Degenerative Stenosis of the Lumbo-Sacral Spine.

J Clin Med · 2025 · PMC11857044 · PMID 40004784

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0500

closest p · 1.0× alpha

0.0860

boldest claim

The sentences

did not reach statistical significancep < 0.05actually significant

Other elemental differences between men and women did not reach statistical significance ( Table 2 ; p < 0.05). 3.3.

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borderline significancep = 0.054so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Women in the study group had lower Cu concentrations than controls ( p = 0.054, borderline significance), while Pb concentrations were significantly higher in female participants ( p = 0.032).

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a trend toward significancep = 0.086so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

In contrast, Zn and Cu concentrations were lower in the study group compared to controls, with Zn reaching statistical significance ( p = 0.021) and Cu showing a trend toward significance ( p = 0.086).

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