Females had a 1.279 ( p = 0.058; OR = 1.279, 95% CI: 0.992–1.648) higher odds of having symptoms suggestive of COPD with or without spirometry evidence after controlling for passive smoking, use of biomass for cooking and having a chimney; however, the risk was only marginally significant (Table 4 ).
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Chronic obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in non-smoking Sri Lankan adults; a cross-sectional study.
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