Evaluating the efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors in first and second-line treatments for recurrent and metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of RCTs with a focus on PD-L1 expression.

Front Immunol · 2025 · PMC11865193 · PMID 40018048

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

The findings indicated a trend toward improved OS in patients with R/M HNSCC who received immunotherapy, compared to the SOC (HR=0.89, 95% CI: 0.79-1.01), although the difference did not reach statistical significance.

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